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This chapter will provide an overview of the types of concerns that are evident in the research literature regarding how well teachers are prepared to teach in inclusive classrooms citing both preservice education and in-service professional development/learning. It will present an overview of the measurements that have been used to measure teachers’ perceptions of preparedness for inclusive environments and the use of surveys to assess attitudes, beliefs, and values. The chapter will conclude with a discussion regarding measuring teachers’ perceptions to inform/improve teacher preparation efforts/policies/practices and what needs to be done to improve teacher preparation for inclusive education.

This chapter provides an overview of inclusive pedagogy, also referred to as the inclusive pedagogical approach (Florian & Black-Hawkins, 2011). Conceptually, the approach is predicated on a shift in pedagogical thinking away from conventional approaches that work for most learners existing alongside something additional or different for those (some) who experience difficulties, towards one that involves providing rich learning opportunities that are sufficiently made available for everyone, so that all learners are able to participate in classroom life. By focusing on how achievements in learning are realised through participation in the community of a classroom, the inclusive pedagogical approach acknowledges that there are individual differences between learners but avoids the problems and stigma associated with marking some learners as different. The second part of the chapter explains how the approach can be incorporated into the daily life of classroom activity using the Inclusive-Pedagogical-Approach-in-Action framework that was developed as a tool for assessing and gathering evidence about practice (Florian, 2014; Florian & Spratt, 2013).

This chapter describes the development and use of a framework, based on a set of theoretical principles that can support teachers, teacher educators and researchers make informed judgements about inclusive pedagogy in each unique setting. This chapter will address the concept of inclusive pedagogy; how the framework was developed; and will provide an introduction to the framework. Discussion will focus on how the framework was used by researchers to better understand how the ideas of inclusive pedagogy were enacted by newly qualified classroom teachers and how it was used to support experienced classroom teachers and specialist support teachers to challenge and alter some existing practices.

This chapter considers teacher learning in inclusive co-teaching contexts, specifically the moral dimensions embedded within it. The chapter draws data from a study focusing on teachers’ perceptions of their learning during co-teaching in inclusive classrooms, and salient moral features embedded in co-teaching situations. Data from joint stimulated recall interviews conducted with three co-teacher pairs illuminate that teachers perceived both possibilities and challenges in key learning situations during co-teaching in inclusive classrooms. In these situations, it is possible for teachers to articulate and extract their guiding beliefs toward salient moral aspects in inclusive teaching in order to extend their understanding and revise their inclusive teaching practices. This chapter suggests that co-teaching is a promising practice for promoting inclusive classroom communities where teachers and students can learn together.

This chapter aims to identify and explore those critical factors in relation to teacher education and development that may hinder or support the wider implementation of policy for inclusive education in practice. The chapter considers key issues related to initial teacher education (ITE) and in-service teacher education and continuing professional development (CPD) that appear to be relevant albeit in differing degrees across most European countries.

The chapter builds on initial work completed in the European Agency project on Teacher Education for Inclusion (TE4I). The project concluded that the role of core values for inclusion (particularly in ITE) can be a critical factor in ensuring more inclusive education systems overall (European Agency, 2011, 2012).

A number of policy questions in relation to preparing teaching staff for inclusive education were highlighted in this work, but two critical issues are the focus here:

• 1. How all relevant policies can support flexible education opportunities in initial and continuing professional development for all teachers.

• 2. How all teachers can be supported to develop the skills to meet the diverse needs of all learners, including a clear understanding of effective learning strategies, such as learning to learn and active learning approaches.

1. How all relevant policies can support flexible education opportunities in initial and continuing professional development for all teachers.

2. How all teachers can be supported to develop the skills to meet the diverse needs of all learners, including a clear understanding of effective learning strategies, such as learning to learn and active learning approaches.

The purpose of this study is to explore the use of Internet of Things (IoT) in hospitality and examine its relationship with Big Data. Drawing upon theoretical and practical considerations, it lays a foundation for its adoption in practice and future research.

This paper uses a conceptual approach. It demonstrates the use of IoT and its impact on Big Data in hospitality through exemplars. The paper further explores the convergence of IoT, Big Data and hospitality in the context of the literature, value attributes and vendor offerings. Theoretical models from information systems and business are used to support the concepts proposed.

The study compiles and contextualizes the applications of IoT in hospitality by applying an input–process–output model, demonstrating the link to Big Data. The resulting value dimensions are represented by the IoT–Big Data triple impact intensity model.

An outlook toward the future trajectory of IoT adoption is provided by proposing to extend the prevalent social, mobile, analytics and cloud framework with an IoT component.

Practical implications of the use of IoT and Big Data in hospitality on information technology infrastructure, business models, security and standardization highlight the scope for further empirical research.

By synthesizing IoT applications in hospitality and by bringing to light their relationship with Big Data, the study demonstrates how IoT, Big Data and hospitality converge – a synthesis that has thus far been largely unexplored. This study lays the groundwork for increased deployment of IoT and Big Data in hospitality and future academic research in this area.

本论文开发了酒店管理中的物联网（IoT）的使用, 并且检验了其与大数据的关系。根据其理论和实际考虑, 这方面的科技缺乏应用理论基础和未来研究方向。

本论文采用理论讲述的方式, 通过例子来阐述IoT的应用和大数据对于酒店管理的影响。本论文还拓展了IoT、大数据、以及酒店管理在文献范畴、价值属性、以及供应商考量中的认识。本论文借鉴了信息系统和商业管理中的理论模型以支撑提出的理论概念。

本论文综合审视了IoT在酒店管理中的应用, 提出了一个输入-处理-输出的模型, 指出了其与大数据的关联。其相关价值维度通过IoT-大数据三重影响强度模型来显示。

本论文提出了对IoT使用的未来展望, 拓展了著名的SMAC模型（social, mobile, analytics, cloud）, 加入了IoT成分。

本论文对IoT和大数据在酒店IT架构、商业模型、安保和标准化等方面的使用, 强调了其未来应用研究的方向。

本论文通过酒店管理中的IoT应用综述, 以及其与大数据分析的关联, 展示了IoT、大数据、酒店覆盖等概念如何融合, 这方面的研究还未真正被开发。本论文对于酒店领域中的IoT和大数据应用以及相关领域的未来研究, 有着奠基作用。

This paper aims to provide an overview of how trends encompassing SOLOMO (social, local, mobile) factors impact marketing activities in small and medium-sized hospitality enterprises (SMEs). It explores the relevancy of these factors and their application in the industry and synthesizes them in the context of Dubai’s path toward Expo 2020 by collecting practitioner input.

This paper provides continuity with the author’s previous WHATT article exploring SME website implementation by expanding its scope by analyzing literature on SOLOMO adoption in the hospitality industry, drawing from a range of journals and applicable industry sources. It collects informal commentary from practitioners with relevant local experience to contextualize the findings within Dubai’s digital roadmap.

Several aspects of SOLOMO in the context of hospitality have been examined by researchers; however, their successful applicability to the SME sector (which is still struggling with the fundamentals of website implementation) lacks comprehensive consideration. There is a dearth of academic and governmental guidance for industry executives. At the same time, trends beyond SOLOMO, particularly around data analytics, are emerging and require incorporation into a digital SME roadmap.

Executives in the hospitality SME domain are encouraged to continue focusing on the fundamentals of website implementation while they take into consideration the trends around SOLOMO identified in the study. A holistic, result-driven view of digital marketing is required to ensure focused resource usage. Closer collaboration between private sector, policymakers and academia will support Dubai’s initiatives to leverage its high degree of technological readiness for marketing innovation in the SME sector.

This manuscript provides a practically oriented and engaging overview of the applicability of SOLOMO concepts for hospitality SMEs, with a local focus on the Dubai ecosystem.

The purpose of this paper is to develop thermal modelling to investigate the thermal response of sample boards (at board level) during the preheating stage of the reflow process and to validate with experimental measurements.

A thermal‐coupling method that adopted the Multi‐physics Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI) was utilized. A forced‐convection reflow oven was modelled using computational fluid dynamic software (FLUENT 6.3.26), whereas structural heating at the board level was conducted using finite‐element method software (ABAQUS 6.9).

The simulation showed a complex flow pattern having characteristics of a free‐jet region, stagnation‐flow region, wall jet‐region, recirculation region and vortices. A sharp maximum heat‐transfer coefficient was detected in the stagnation region of the jet, resulting in a spatial variation of local heat transfer on a thermal profile board (TPB). This coefficient affected the temperature distribution in the TPB with different specific heat capacitances and thermal conductivity of the structure. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data and analytical model. The cold region and temperature uniformity (ΔT) increased with increasing complexity of the TPB. The cold region can occur in two possible locations in the TPB. Both occurrences can be related to the flow field of the reflow oven. ΔT of the TPB decreased when the conveyor speed (v) was reduced. A suitable conveyor speed (1.0 cm/s) was determined to maintain ΔT below 10°C, which prevented the thermally critical package from overheating.

The paper provies a methodology for designing a thermal profile for reflow soldering production.

The findings provide fundamental guidelines to the thermal‐coupling method at the board and package levels, very useful for accurate control of ΔT at the board and package levels, one of the major requirements in achieving a high degree of reliability for electronic assemblies.